Surgical Sperm Retrieval
Extraction of sperm surgically from epididymis or testis when ejaculate sperm is absent or insufficient.
Overview
Surgical sperm retrieval is the process of extracting sperm directly from the epididymis (storage area) or testis (production area) in cases of absence of ejaculate sperm due to obstruction or low production.
Indications
- Obstruction preventing sperm release (injury or infection)
- Congenital absence of the vas deferens
- Vasectomy
- Non-obstructive azoospermia (very low sperm production)
Techniques
The procedures are typically done under light general anesthesia with local anesthetic and involve minimal hospital stay. Retrieved material is examined; viable sperm is frozen for future use with ICSI if needed.
Types of Retrieval
- PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
- TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)
- TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration / Fine Needle Aspiration)
- MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
Success Rates
In obstructive azoospermia, sperm recovery rates are very high (>90%). In non-obstructive azoospermia, retrieval success is around 40%. If sperm is successfully retrieved, pregnancy rates using ICSI are similar to those with ejaculated sperm.